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Supercomputers are used to predict the weather歌词

[00:00.10]From VOA Learning English,
[00:00.73]this is the Technology Report.
[00:03.62]Many Americans start to closely follow weather reports
[00:07.90]in the early fall.
[00:09.69]During the Atlantic hurricane season,
[00:11.94]predicting the strength and movement of
[00:15.47]these huge storm systems is of crucial importance.
[00:20.16]Thanks to new supercomputers,
[00:22.56]meteorologists for the National Oceanic
[00:26.59]and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
[00:28.58]are getting better at predicting the weather
[00:31.82]as far as six days out.
[00:34.56]Hurricane Sandy hit the East Coast last October,
[00:39.40]and caused deaths and widespread damage,
[00:43.78]it was one of the costliest storm in U.S. history.
[00:49.02]At the time, some people blamed meteorologists
[00:53.50]for not correctly predicting the path of the storm.
[00:57.64]But weather forecasting is extremely difficult, says Ben Kyger.
[01:03.61]He is the Director of Central Operations
[01:06.74]at NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Prediction
[01:11.07]in College Park, Maryland.
[01:13.32]"You’ve got major patterns in the atmosphere,
[01:16.61]like the jet stream,
[01:18.25]but you’ve also got little eddies, little currents,
[01:21.33]little things happening all over the place.
[01:23.72]All these little changes are interacting with each other,
[01:27.31]continuously, all day long.
[01:28.55]So if you look at it from above, from a satellite,
[01:31.25]you see the atmosphere moving
[01:33.04]and churning in big ways and little ways."
[01:35.73]Ben Kyger says oceans are another issue
[01:39.51]because they closely interact with the atmosphere
[01:43.44]and have a huge effect on storms.
[01:46.97]NOAA has spent about $20 million on two new supercomputers,
[01:53.80]in an effort to improve the dependability of the forecasts.
[01:58.93]"These computers generate the initial model guidance
[02:02.86]that the whole forecast process depends on,
[02:05.50]for all the weather information that you see,
[02:08.49]with snowstorms, tornadoes, hurricanes,
[02:12.17]how hot it’s going to be today
[02:14.12]— all of your weather forecasts start
[02:16.22]with what comes off of these supercomputers."
[02:19.51]It takes a huge amount of computational power
[02:22.80]to examine data from weather satellites,
[02:26.64]ground stations and other sources.
[02:30.02]It then take a lot of power to predict temperature,
[02:34.16]air pressure, humidity and wind speed.
[02:37.99]But human brains and experience
[02:41.24]are still very important to the process.
[02:44.02]Meteorologists at the National Centers
[02:47.71]for Environmental Prediction scan the same data
[02:51.74]that the supercomputers get before issuing a weather report.
[02:56.24]"They are looking at lots of different models run of different computers,
[03:00.73]and then they are creating that five-day forecast.
[03:05.12]They use lots of scientific and subjective knowledge
[03:09.01]from doing it year after year.
[03:10.85]They know where the models are strong, where they’re weak
[03:13.88]and they give us significantly better forecasts
[03:16.98]than the models would do by themselves."
[03:19.02]NOAA issues worldwide forecasts every six hours every day of the year.
[03:26.05]The reports are free and are helpful for many countries
[03:32.27]that cannot afford their own weather service.
[03:35.85]NOAA continues working to improve its weather-forecasting abilities,
[03:40.93]another upgrade of its weather-predicting supercomputers
[03:45.11]is planed for as earlier as 2015.
[03:49.39]And that is the Technology Report from VOA Learning English.
[03:55.27]I'm June Simms.
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